The
Present Perfect Tense is formed with a present tense form of ‘to have’ plus the
past participle of the verb (which can be either irregular or regular in form).
This tense indicates either that an action was completed (finished or ‘perfected’)
at some point in the past or that the action extends to the present.
*The
Present Perfect is used:-
(1)To
indicate completed activities in the immediate past (with just); as,
He
has
just gone
out
He
has
just struck
ten.
(2)To
express past actions whose time is not given and not definite; as,
Have you read Gulliver’s travels?
I
have
never known him to be angry.
Mr.Hari
has
been
to Japan.
(3)To
describe past events when we think more of their effect in the present than of
the action itself; as,
Gopi
has
eaten
all the biscuits (i.e., there aren’t any left for you).
I
have
cut
my finger (and it is bleeding now).
I
have
finished
my work (now I am free).
(4)To
denote an action beginning at some time in the past and continuing up to the
present moment (often with since-and for-phrases); as,
I
have
known him for a long time
He
has
been ill since last week.
We
have
lived here for ten years.
We
haven’t
seen Padma for several months.
*The
following adverbs or adverb phrases can also be used with the present
perfect(apart from those mentioned above):never, ever(In questions only),so far,
till now, yet(in negatives and questions),already,today,this week, this
moment,etc.
Note:
The Present Perfect is never used with adverbs of past time. We should not say,
for example, ‘He has gone to Kolkata yesterday’. In such cases the simple past
should be used (‘He went to Kolkata yesterday’).
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